第四天 GRE Issue Task 概览
第一打卡点：速记一组单词，大约 1-2 分钟完成
第二打卡点：阅读试卷概览+观看方法讲解视频，大约 15 分钟完成
Instruction 3
一、写作讲解
是否同意声明，并回应反对意见：Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
中文翻译: 写一篇文章，在这篇文章中讨论你在多大程度上同意或者不同意题 目中的观点，解释你所采取的立场的理由。在发展和支持你的立场的过 程中，注意讨论那些可以被用来反驳你观点的有力理由和/或例子。
题目分析
该类型的GRE写作任务要求我们就一个声明表明立场，并提供有力的支持理由。与常见的“支持与反对”不同，这类题目特别要求我们不仅阐明自己的观点，还要展示我们对反对意见的理解，并对这些反对意见进行深入分析和回应。这是一个辩证式的写作任务，即我们需要全面考量问题的多个方面。
通过这种方式，题目鼓励我们不仅讨论一个观点的优点，还要分析其潜在的局限性，反思在什么情境下可能产生问题。我们应当认识到，反对意见是不可忽视的，它们能帮助我们更为细致、严谨地分析和回应问题，从而增强我们的写作说服力。
解题步骤与思路:
在应对这种类型的题目时，以下几个步骤可以帮助你组织思路，形成一个清晰且逻辑严密的写作结构：
- 明确表态:
- 在开头部分明确表达自己是否同意题目中的观点，并简要阐述支持自己立场的基本理由。这不仅仅是对题目做出表态，还需要给出一个简洁而明确的立场。
- 考虑反对意见:
- 思考并提及那些反对你的观点的有力理由。根据题目中的内容，可以从多个角度考虑反对意见。例如，如果你的立场是支持某个观点，反方可能认为该观点过于理想化、难以实现，或者在特定情境下会导致负面效果。通过理解反对意见，你能够让文章更具深度。
- 分析与回应反对意见:
- 不仅要提出反对意见，还要分析反方立场的出发点及合理性。探讨对方为何持有该观点，是否有其依据或合理性。在此基础上，进一步阐述为什么这些反对意见并不完全成立，或者在特定情况下可能无法适用。
- 举例说明:
- 使用具体的实例来支持你的立场和反驳反对意见。实例可以来源于现实生活中的案例、学术研究、历史事件等。通过这些实例，你的论证将更加有说服力，更能打动读者。
- 总结和结论:
- 最后，总结你的立场，并在回应了反对意见后，重申支持自己观点的理由。总结时要明确表明你的最终看法，并指出最有力的支持理由或你所提供的独特视角。
二、例题解析
To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
大纲框架：
第一段：引出话题与立场
开篇句：Some people argue that ________(论点：领导者必须坚持最高道德标准才能有效).
立场句：While I agree that ________(分论点1：认同有道德准则的领导者往往更有效), I believe that ________(分论点2：但仅有道德标准不能保证成功).
补充句：In some situations, ________(补充论点：有时严格遵守道德标准反而会阻碍领导效能).
第二段：定义关键概念
主题句：First, let us define ________(提出定义任务：何为"有效的领导").
定义内容：
- In my view, the role of ________(核心定义1：政治领导者的三项基本职责)
- An effective leader must ________(核心定义2：有效领导者的首要任务) 过渡句：With this understanding, ________(过渡说明：基于定义展开分析).
第三段：支持论点
主题句：A leader with high ethical and moral standards ________(论点：高道德标准能获得公众信任).
论证句：When people believe ________(论据：解释公众信任与追随意愿的关系).
例证：For example, ________(历史例证：中国历史上汉唐宋朝代的治理成功案例).
小结句：In such cases, ________(小结论点：道德品格与政治成就的正相关关系).
第四段：转折论证
转折句：However, high moral standards ________(转折论点：道德标准与领导效能非必然关系).
论证句：There are situations where ________(论据：特殊情况下的领导效能判断).
例证：Take, for example, ________(现实例证：反恐战争中的领导决策困境).
反驳句：Some may argue that ________(反方论点：不道德领导者失去民心), but ________(驳论：国家利益与道德评判的权衡).
第五段：深入论证
主题句：In addition, adhering to ________(论点：严格遵守道德标准的潜在负面影响).
论证句：Some moral principles, ________(论据：道德原则与国家安全的冲突).
例证：For instance, ________(假设性例证：机密信息披露的道德困境).
延伸句：This scenario highlights ________(分析：领导者面临的道德与现实困境).
补充句：While this may seem ________(补充说明：例证的普遍意义).
结尾段：总结与建议
总结句：To summarize, while ________(总结论点：道德标准与有效治理的复杂关系).
论述句：In some cases, ________(警示：过分坚持道德原则的风险).
结论句：Ultimately, ________(核心结论：有效领导的本质定义).
建议句：Leaders who can balance ________(最终建议：平衡道德与实践的领导之道).
三、范文展示
Some people argue that a leader must uphold the highest ethical and moral standards to be effective. While I agree that leaders with strong moral principles are often more effective, I believe that such standards alone do not guarantee success. In some situations, rigid adherence to high moral standards can actually hinder a leader’s ability to govern effectively.
First, let us define what it means for a leader to be "effective." In my view, the role of a political leader is to unite the people, manage limited resources, and make decisions that promote the well-being of society. An effective leader must prioritize the welfare of the people they serve. With this understanding, we can examine how a leader’s moral standards impact their effectiveness.
A leader with high ethical and moral standards is likely to attract public trust and support, which can enhance their effectiveness. When people believe their leader is morally upright, they are more inclined to follow that leader’s directives. For example, in Chinese history, emperors with strong moral character, such as those from the Han, Tang, and Song dynasties, earned the respect of their people, which contributed to the prosperity of their reigns. In such cases, moral integrity helped the leader accomplish political goals and maintain social order.
However, high moral standards do not always guarantee leadership effectiveness. There are situations where a leader might not exhibit the highest moral standards but still lead effectively. Take, for example, a nation embroiled in a war on terrorism. A leader’s primary goal in such a situation would be to protect the nation and ensure its security. Even if the leader resorts to morally questionable methods, such as compromising personal freedoms for national security, their actions could still be considered effective if they achieve the desired outcome. Some may argue that immoral leaders risk losing power due to public dissatisfaction, but this is not always the case. As long as their actions serve the national interest, people may tolerate their moral flaws, especially if they can achieve crucial political goals.
In addition, adhering to the highest moral standards can sometimes backfire. Some moral principles, such as honesty and integrity, may require actions that jeopardize national security. For instance, if a leader were asked to reveal classified information regarding national defense, from a purely moral standpoint, they might feel compelled to disclose it. However, such disclosure could put the nation at risk by providing sensitive information to enemies or terrorists. This scenario highlights the tension between moral ideals and the practical realities of leadership, where compromises are often necessary for the greater good. While this may seem like an extreme example, it reflects the complex choices leaders must make regularly.
To summarize, while high moral standards can help leaders gain the trust and support of their people, they do not always lead to effective governance. In some cases, unwavering loyalty to moral principles may create more harm than good. Ultimately, an effective leader is one who can achieve their political goals and improve the welfare of their people, regardless of whether they always act according to the highest moral standards. Leaders who can balance moral integrity with the pragmatic demands of governance are the most likely to succeed.