听力技巧
试卷概览
四级
听力理解部分的分值比例为35%,其中短篇新闻占7%,长对话占8%,听力篇章占20%。
Section A 短篇新闻：3篇，总共450-500词，每篇2-3题，共7题。
Section B 长对话：2篇，每篇240-280词，每篇4题，共8题。
Section C 听力篇章：3篇，每篇220-240词，每篇3-4题，共10题。
六级
听力理解部分的分值比例为35%,其中长对话占8%,听力篇章占7%,讲话/报道/讲座占20%。
Section A 长对话：2篇，每篇280-320词，每篇4题，共8题。
Section B 听力篇章：2篇，每篇240-260词，每篇3-4题，共7题。
Section C 讲话/报道/讲座：3篇，总共约1200词，每篇3-4题，共10题。
题型解析
短篇新闻
一、解题步骤
短篇新闻听力主要考查考生对新闻报道的理解，考题常根据新闻中的关键细节设置问题。解题步骤如下：
步骤一：抓住导语
目标：导语往往简明扼要地传达新闻的核心内容，考生应通过导语快速掌握新闻主题或最重要的事实。大部分情况下，导语直接涉及选项中的信息，能帮助考生迅速锁定答案。
步骤二：关注新闻主体细节
目标：新闻的主体部分是对导语的展开与补充，往往会包含考试问题涉及的具体细节，如事件发生的时间、地点、背景等。注意“倒金字塔”结构，最重要的信息会优先呈现。
步骤三：理解引语中的信息
目标：新闻中出现的直接或间接引语通常来自权威人物或目击者，他们的言论有助于考生回答细节类问题。考生需辨别直接引语和间接引语，并理解其中的关键信息。
步骤四：掌握常见缩写
目标：新闻中经常会使用缩写词，如机构名、术语或职位等。熟悉这些缩写词能够避免对新闻理解产生干扰。
步骤五：了解新闻背景，熟悉文化概况
目标：对重大事件背景的了解，尤其是英美国家的文化、政治、经济等概况，有助于快速理解新闻内容并提升做题效率。
二、实战演练
听力原文：
Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi. The blast hit a bus about to set off for the Ugandan capital Kampala. Last July, the Somali group al-Shabab said it was behind the blasts in the Ugandan capital which killed more than 70 people. Will Ross reports from the Kenyan capital.
The explosion happened beside a bus which was about to set off for an overnight journey from Nairobi to the Ugandan capital Kampala. Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, but it exploded during a security check. Windows of the red bus were left smashed, and blood could be seen on the ground beside the vehicle. Just hours earlier, Uganda's police chief had warned of possible Christmas-time attacks by Somali rebels.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
- What is the news report mainly about?
A） Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels.
B） An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.
C） The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala.
D） Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda’s capital.
通过导语提供的信息可以快速准确地找出正确选项B。
- When did the incident occur?
A） On Christmas Eve.
B） Just before midnight.
C） During a security check.
D） In the small hours of the morning.
答案与解析：
B
解析：导语直接提到肯尼亚警方报告了一起发生在内罗毕市中心汽车站的爆炸事件，明确了新闻的核心内容。因此，正确答案是 B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi。
C
解析：根据新闻主体部分的信息，爆炸发生在安检期间，目击者报告提到一个袋子在安检时爆炸。故正确答案是 C) During a security check。
长对话
一、解题步骤
长对话听力部分通常考查考生在较长对话中的信息提取能力。每段长对话后有四个问题，通常涉及对话的具体细节、主要信息和推理判断。参考下面的解题步骤，可以帮助考生更好地应对长对话类听力题。
步骤一：预读选项
目的：预读长对话题目的选项，预测对话可能涉及的主题与考查重点。通过快速浏览选项，可以推测出对话的核心内容，如职业背景、人物关系、活动安排等。常见的场景包括教育、工作、科学发现、旅行等。因此，通过预读，我们可以抓住对话的主题及可能的考点。
步骤二：抓住关键词
目的：在听对话时，考生要集中注意力捕捉对话中的关键人物、时间、地点、事件等信息。尤其要关注对话中的转折词（如but, however）和同义词的转换，因为这些词往往表明重要的信息或变化。注意说话者的态度或意见变化，以及回答问题时的关键信息。
步骤三：同义转换与推理
目的：许多长对话的正确答案并非直接出现，而是通过同义替换或逻辑推理得出。例如，题目中的选项往往会用不同于原文的表达方式来呈现相同的信息，考生需识别这些同义转换。对于一些推断题，考生需结合上下文，做出合理的推理。
二、实战演练
听力原文：
W: Hello.
M: Hello, is that the reference library?
W: Yes. Can I help you?
M: I hope so. I rang earlier and asked for some information about Denys Hawtin, the scientist. You asked me to ring back.
W: Oh, yes. I have found something.
M: Good. I've got a pencil and paper. Perhaps you could read out what it says.
W: Certainly. Hawtin, Denys. Born: Darlington 1836; died New York 1920.
M: Yes. Got that.
W: Inventor and physicist. The son of a farm worker, he was admitted to the University of London at the age of fifteen.
M: Yes.
W: He graduated at seventeen with a first-class degree in Physics and Mathematics. All right?
M: Yes, all right.
W: He made his first notable achievement at the age of eighteen. It was a method of refrigeration which arose from his work in low temperature physics. He became professor of Mathematics at the University of Manchester at twenty-four, where he remained for twelve years. During that time he married one of his students, Natasha Willoughby.
M: Yes. Go on.
W: Later, working together in London, they laid the foundation of modern Physics by showing that normal laws of cause and effect do not apply at the level of subatomic particles. For this, he and his wife received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1910, and did so again in 1912 for their work on very high frequency radio waves. In his lifetime, Hawtin patented 244 inventions. Do you want any more?
M: Yes. When did he go to America?
W: Let me see. In 1920 he went to teach in New York, and died there suddenly after only three weeks. Still, he was a good age.
M: Yes, I suppose so. Well, thanks.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
What do we learn about Denys Hawtin when he was 15?
A) He invented the refrigerator.
B) He patented his first invention.
C) He was admitted to a university.
D) He got a degree in Mathematics.
What did Denys Hawtin do at the age of 24?
A) He started to work on refrigeration.
B) He became a professor of Mathematics.
C) He fell in love with Natasha Willoughby.
D) He distinguished himself in low temperature physics.
For what were Denys Hawtin and his wife awarded the Nobel Prize a second time?
A) Discovering the true nature of subatomic particles.
B) Their explanation of the laws of cause and effect.
C) Their work on very high frequency radio waves.
D) Laying the foundations of modern mathematics.
Why did Denys Hawtin go to New York?
A) To have a three-week holiday.
B) To spend his remaining years.
C) To patent his inventions.
D) To teach at a university.
答案与解析：
C
解析：在对话中，女士提到Denys Hawtin在15岁时被伦敦大学录取。抓住关键词“admitted to the University of London at the age of fifteen”，可直接得出答案为C。
B
解析：女士提到Hawtin在24岁时成为了曼彻斯特大学的数学教授，抓住这一信息即可得出答案为B。
C
解析：对话中提到Hawtin夫妇第二次获得诺贝尔奖是因为他们对“very high-frequency radio waves”的研究工作，正确答案为C。
D
解析：女士提到Hawtin于1920年前往纽约教书，抓住“went to teach in New York”这一关键信息，可以确定答案为D。
听力篇章
一、解题步骤
步骤一：预读选项
目的：短文听力通常考察的是文章的主题、讲话人的情况、事实细节等。因此，在听之前，应先快速浏览选项，识别其中的相同词、重要关键词，如时间、数字、地点等。这有助于明确短文的讨论范围和可能的考点。
步骤二：抓住关键词和逻辑关系
目的：在听短文时，考生应集中精力捕捉以下信息：
重点名词：如人物、事件、地点。
时间顺序：看是否涉及时间顺序的描述。
转折和因果关系：如but, however, because等词后的信息往往是考点。
步骤三：重点关注开头和结尾
目的：文章开头和结尾是重点，通常包含短文的主旨、结论或关键信息。要特别关注引导结果的连词（如therefore, as a result）和总结性语句。
步骤四：同义转换与细节考察
目的：有时选项中的词语不会和原文完全一致，考生需注意同义词的转换和复述。在遇到细节题时，尤其要注意那些重复出现的词和表达，这些往往是正确答案的提示。
步骤五：合理推断
目的：如果对某个细节或问题不确定，可以根据短文的整体逻辑和常识推断出合理答案，特别是针对因果关系、转折等信息点进行推理。
二、实战演练
听力原文：
In today's personality stakes, nothing is more highly valued than a sense of humor. We seek it out in others and are proud to claim it in ourselves, perhaps even more than good looks or intelligence. If someone has a great sense of humor, we reason, it means that they are happy, socially confident, and have a healthy perspective on life.
This attitude would have surprised the ancient Greeks, who believed humor to be essentially aggressive. And in fact, our admiration for the comically gifted is relatively new, and not very well-founded, says Rod Martin, a psychologist at the University of Western Ontario. Being funny isn't necessarily an indicator of good social skills and well-being, his research has shown. It may just as likely be a sign of personality flaws.
He has found that humor is a double-edged sword. It can forge better relationships and help you cope with life, or it can be corrosive, eating away at self-esteem and irritating others. “It's a form of communication, like speech, and we all use it differently,” says Martin. We use bonding humor to enhance our social connections, but we also may employ it as a way of excluding or rejecting an outsider.
Though humor is essentially social, how you use it says a lot about your sense of self. Those who use self-defeating humor, making fun of themselves for the enjoyment of others, tend to maintain that hostility toward themselves even when alone. Similarly, those who are able to view the world with amused tolerance are often equally forgiving of their own shortcomings.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
How do people today view humor according to the speaker?
A) It is a trait of a generous character.
B) It is a reflection of self-esteem.
C) It is an indicator of high intelligence.
D) It is a sign of happiness and confidence.
What did the ancient Greeks think of humor?
A) It was self-defeating.
B) It was aggressive.
C) It was the essence of comedy.
D) It was something admirable.
What has psychologist Rod Martin found about humor?
A) It is a double-edged sword.
B) It is a feature of a given culture.
C) It is a unique gift of human beings.
D) It is a result of both nature and nurture.
答案与解析：
D
解析：短文开头提到现代人非常重视幽默感，并且认为拥有幽默感意味着一个人快乐、自信，因此答案为D。
B
解析：短文提到古希腊人认为幽默本质上是侵略性的，因此正确答案是B。
A
解析：心理学家Rod Martin研究发现，幽默是一把双刃剑，可以增进关系，也可能伤害自尊，这表明答案是A。
讲话
讲话是关于人文社科和自然类话题所做的发言、谈话和演说。一般是在活动、仪式或论坛上发表的正式讲话。讲话通常先由主持人介绍主讲人，主讲人致谢后介绍主题并进行正式的讲话。
一、解题步骤
步骤一：预读选项
目的：在听音之前，快速浏览问题和选项，尤其是时间、人物、地点等关键词，明确听力材料的讨论范围。注意选项中的同义替换词，以便在听时能迅速对应原文内容。
步骤二：抓住关键词和逻辑关系
目的：听音时集中注意力捕捉以下内容：
重点名词：人物、事件、地点。
逻辑关系词：如转折词“but”、“however”，或因果关系词“because”。 这些词汇往往提示出考点信息。
步骤三：重点关注开头和结尾
目的：讲话类听力材料通常会在开头或结尾总结主题或表明观点，特别是总结性句子和导向结果的词语，如“therefore”、“in conclusion”。
步骤四：同义转换与细节考察
目的：选项中的词汇可能是原文的同义替换。遇到细节题时，要特别留意重复出现的词语或表达，这往往是考点所在。
步骤五：合理推断
目的：当遇到不确定的问题时，可以结合上下文逻辑和常识推断出答案，尤其是因果关系、转折等部分。
二、实战演练
听力原文：
Moderator:
Hello Ladies and Gentleman, it gives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker for today's session, Dr. Howard Miller. Dr. Miller, Professor of Sociology at Washington University, has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in our graying society for the past 15 years.
Dr. Miller:
Thank you for that introduction. Today, I'd like to preface my remarks with a story from my own life which I feel highlights the common concerns that bring us here together. Several years ago, when my grandparents were well into their eighties, they were faced with the reality of no longer being able to adequately care for themselves. My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear, that of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years. Fighting back the tears, he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home from the ground up, and that he had pounded every nail and laid every brick in the process. The prospect of having to sell their home, give up their independence, and move into a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them. It was, in my grandfather's own words, like having a limb cut off. He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasn't important anymore.
For them and some older Americans, their so-called “golden years” are at times not so pleasant, for this period can mean the decline of not only one's health but the loss of identity and self-worth. In many societies, this self-identity is closely related to our social status, occupation, material possessions, or independence. Furthermore, we often live in societies that value what is “new” or in fashion, and our own usage of words in the English language is often a sign of bad news for older Americans. I mean, how would your family react if you came home tonight exclaiming, “Hey, come to the living room and see the OLD black and white TV I brought!” Unfortunately, the word “old” calls to mind images of the need to replace or discard.
Now, many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform, medical care, and the development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while these are vital issues that must be addressed, I'd like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned. This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group, and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.
First of all, I'd like to talk about ...
Questions 16 to 19 are based on the recording you have just heard.
What does the introduction say about Dr. Howard Miller's articles and books?
A) They investigate the retirement homes in America.
B) They are on issues facing senior citizens in America.
C) They describe the great pleasures of the golden years.
D) They are filled with fond memories of his grandparents.
What is the greatest fear of Dr. Miller's grandfather?
A) The loss of the ability to take care of himself.
B) The feeling of not being important any more.
C) Being unable to find a good retirement home.
D) Leaving the home he had lived in for 60 years.
What does Dr. Miller say the “golden years” can often mean?
A) The loss of identity and self-worth.
B) Fear of being replaced or discarded.
C) Freedom from pressure and worldly cares.
D) The possession of wealth and high respect.
What is the focus of Dr. Miller's speech?
A) The urgency of pension reform.
B) Medical care for senior citizens.
C) Finding meaningful roles for the elderly in society.
D) The development of public facilities for senior citizens.
答案与解析：
B
解析： 材料中提到Howard Miller博士的文章和书籍是关于美国老年人面临的问题，因此正确答案是B。
D
解析： 讲话中提到Miller的祖父最害怕的是离开居住了60年的家，因此正确答案是D。
A
解析： Dr.Miller提到所谓的“黄金岁月”通常意味着失去身份认同和自我价值，因此答案为A。
C
解析： Dr.Miller的演讲重点关注为老年人找到有意义的社会角色，因此答案是C。
报道
报道是通过多种媒体传播形式发表的学术方面的新闻稿。一般采用倒金字塔结构，先阐述最重要信息——新闻导语，再阐述不重要或次重要的信息——新闻主体，新闻主体通常是对新闻导语进行补充或展开说明。
一、解题步骤
步骤一：预读选项
目的：快速浏览选项，重点关注时间、人物、数据、研究结果等关键词，初步了解报道的主题和可能考察的考点。
步骤二：关注报道结构
目的：报道类听力通常使用倒金字塔结构，最重要的信息（新闻导语）在开头部分。考生应特别注意开头几句中的核心信息，它往往回答“是什么”、“为什么”、“怎样”等问题。
步骤三：注意新闻主体的细节
目的：新闻主体会对开头的核心信息进行扩展和说明，考生应关注对关键概念的解释、例子、数据或事实，这些细节可能作为考题。
步骤四：同义转换与细节考察
目的：报道中提到的关键词可能在选项中通过同义替换出现，考生需具备识别同义转换的能力。
步骤五：合理推断
目的：如果对某个问题不确定，可以根据报道的整体逻辑和主旨推断出合理的答案。
二、实战演练
听力原文：
The 2010 Global Hunger Index report was released today by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). It notes that, in recent years, experts have come to the conclusion that undernourishment between conception and a child's second birthday can have serious and long-lasting impacts.
Undernourishment during this approximately 1,000-day window can seriously check the growth and development of children and render them more likely to get sick and die than well-fed children. Preventing hunger allows children to develop both physically and mentally.
Says IFPRI's Marie Ruel, “They will be more likely to perform well in school. They will stay in school longer. And then in adulthood, IFPRI has actually demonstrated that children who were better nourished have higher wages, by a pretty large margin, by 46 percent.”
Ruel says that means the productivity of a nation's future generations depends in a large part on the first 1,000 days of life.
“This is why we're all on board in focusing on those thousand days to improve nutrition. After that, the damage is done and is highly irreversible.”
The data on nutrition and childhood development has been slowly coming together for decades. But Ruel says scientific consensus alone will not solve the problem.
“It's not enough that nutritionists know you have to intervene then, if we don't have the politicians on board, and also the... people that implement programs in the field.”
Ruel says there are encouraging signs that politicians and implementers are beginning to get on board. Many major donors and the United Nations are targeting hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children. They focus on improving diets or providing micro-food supplements. They improve access to pre-birth care and encourage exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a child's life.
Ruel says in the 1980s Thailand was able to reduce child undernourishment by recruiting a large number of volunteers to travel the countryside teaching about health and nutrition.
“They really did very active promotion of diversity in the diet and good eating habits. So they were providing more food to people, but also educating people on how to use them, and also educating people on how to feed their young children.”
Ruel says countries may take different approaches to reducing child undernutrition. But she says nations will not make progress fighting hunger and poverty until they begin to focus on those critical first thousand days.
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
What is the experts' conclusion regarding children's undernourishment in their earliest days of life?
A) It seriously impacts their physical and mental development.
B) It has become a problem affecting global economic growth.
C) It is a common problem found in underdeveloped countries.
D) It is an issue often overlooked by parents in many countries.
What does IFPRI's Marie Ruel say about well-fed children in their adult life?
A) They will live longer.
B) They get better pay.
C) They get along well with people.
D) They develop much higher IQs.
What did Thailand do to reduce child undernourishment in the 1980s?
A) Appropriated funds to promote research of nutrient-rich foods.
B) Encouraged breastfeeding for the first six months of a child's life.
C) Recruited volunteers to teach rural people about health and nutrition.
D) Targeted hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children.
答案与解析：
A
解析： 报道一开始明确提到专家们得出的结论是营养不良会对儿童的身体和智力发育产生严重和持久的影响，因此正确答案是A。
B
解析： IFPRI的Marie Ruel指出，营养良好的儿童在成年后工资更高，具体提到了46%的增幅，因此正确答案是B。
C
解析： 报道提到泰国在1980年代通过招募志愿者来向农村地区的人们传授健康和营养知识，成功减少了儿童营养不良问题，因此答案为C。
讲座
关于人文社科和自然科学各学科的教学讲座，其目的之一是传授知识。要跟着讲座人的思路，抓住要点。英语讲座一般在最开始的时候直接阐明讲座主题，有时会紧接着预告本次讲座的要点，然后再展开讲座的具体内容。
一、解题步骤
步骤一：预读选项
目的：快速浏览选项，识别关键内容，初步了解讲座主题及可能考察的考点。
方法：在预读过程中关注选项中的关键词，如“high value-to-weight ratio（高价值与重量比）”、“suitable for selling online（适合线上销售）”等，有助于在听音时抓住要点。
步骤二：关注讲座主题
目的：讲座类听力通常在开头部分直接点明主题。听众应重点关注第一句或几句话，讲座的核心内容通常在这一部分出现。
方法：在听音时，特别留意讲座一开始提到的关键词和核心观点，帮助迅速抓住讲座的重点。
步骤三：理清讲座结构
目的：讲座通常按照逻辑顺序展开，先介绍核心观点，然后通过举例和细节展开说明。考生应注意这种结构，在听音时能够跟随讲座的思路。
方法：记录每一段讲座内容中的主要信息，尤其是讲座中提到的例子、数据及研究结论等，这些往往是考点。
步骤四：同义转换的识别
目的：讲座中的信息通常不会直接对应选项，而是通过同义词或近义词转换。因此，考生需识别原文和选项之间的同义替换。
方法：结合上下文理解选项中的同义词或相似表达，选择与原文意思最接近的选项。
步骤五：结合背景知识进行推断
目的：在听音不完全或不确定的情况下，考生可以根据讲座的背景知识和整体逻辑推断答案。
方法：结合讲座的主题，推测问题的可能答案，特别是对于讲座中的推论部分。
二、实战演练
听力原文：
I'd like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service. There are certain products and services that are very suitable for selling online, and others that simply don't work.
Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio. Items such as CDs and DVDs are obvious examples. Books, although heavier and so more expensive to post, still have a high enough value-to-weight ratio, as the success of Amazon, which started off selling only books, shows. Laptop computers are another good product for selling online.
Digital products, such as software, films, and music, can be sold in a purely virtual environment. The goods are paid for by online transactions, and then downloaded onto the buyer's computer. There are no postage or delivery costs, so prices can be kept low.
Many successful virtual companies provide digital services, such as financial transactions, in the case of Paypal, or means of communication, as Skype does. The key to success here is providing an easy-to-use, reliable service. Do this and you can easily become the market leader, as Skype has proved.
Products which are potentially embarrassing to buy also do well in the virtual environment. Some of the most profitable e-commerce companies are those selling sex-related products or services. For a similar reason, online gambling is highly popular.
Products which are usually considered unsuitable for selling online include those that have a taste or smell component. Food, especially fresh food, falls into this category, along with perfume. Clothes and other items that need to be tried on, such as diamond rings and gold necklaces, are generally not suited to virtual retailing, and, of course, items with a low value-to-weight ratio.
There are exceptions, though. Online grocery shopping has really taken off, with most major supermarkets offering the service. The inconvenience of not being able to see the food you are buying is outweighed by the time saved and convenience of having the goods delivered. Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly, people who work long hours, and those without their own transport.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. What is important to the success of an online store?
A) The guaranteed quality of its goods.
B) The huge volume of its annual sales.
C) The service it provides for its customers.
D) The high value-to-weight ratio of its goods.
24. What products are unsuitable for selling online?
A) Those having a taste or smell component.
B) Products potentially embarrassing to buy.
C) Those that require very careful handling.
D) Services involving a personal element.
25. Who are more likely to buy groceries online?
A) Those who live in the virtual world.
B) Those who have to work long hours.
C) Those who are used to online transactions.
D) Those who don't mind paying a little more.
答案解析：
D
解析：讲座提到适合在线销售的商品通常具有“high value-to-weight ratio”，因此答案是D。
A
解析：讲座明确指出带有“taste or smell component”的商品不适合在线销售，因此答案是A。
B
解析：讲座提到那些工作时间长的人是典型的在线购物者，因此答案是B。